The OWL at Purdue University

OWL Resource

OWL at Purdue Logo

This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue (http://owl.english.purdue.edu/). When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice at bottom.

From the OWL resource APA Formatting and Style Guide

This resource was written by David Neyhart and Erin Karper. Additional material by Kristen Seas & Tony Russell..
Last full revision by Jodi Wagner, Kristen Seas, Tony Russell, and Elizabeth Angeli..
Last edited by Allen Brizee on June 3rd 2009 at 3:25PM

Jump to listing of all of this resource's sections

APA Headings

APA Style uses a unique headings system to separate and classify paper sections. There are 5 heading levels in APA. They are not, however, used in order. Their respective formatting is as follows:

Level 1 Headings Are Centered and Require Standard Capitalization

Level 2 Headings Are Centered and Italicized with Standard Capitalization

Level 3 Headings Are Italicized, Flush-Left with Standard Capitalization

Level 4 headings are indented: only first words and words after colons capitalized; end with a period.Text follows immediately.

LEVEL 5 HEADINGS ARE CENTERED IN ALL CAPS

Determine how many headings your paper will require. The introduction of a paper is never given its own section name (e.g. Introduction). You may only need one level of basic headings (i.e. Methods, Results, etc.). However, you may require sub-headings within those basic headings and sub-headings below those sections. Most undergraduate papers will use three levels of headings or less. After determining how many headings your paper will require, follow these guidelines:

For one level of headings, use Level 1. In the example below, we use “Principal Findings” and “Rationale” as our only headings.

This is a sample of a Level 1 heading. The headings for principal
findings and rationale are centered with standard capitalization.

Image Caption: Sample Level 1 Heading

For two levels of headings, use Levels 1 and 3. Level 3 will act as a sub-heading to Level 1. In the example below, “Principal Findings,” a Level 1 heading, requires two subsections with Level 3 formatting “Using APA for Your Paper” and “Proper Headings.” The next section of the paper, “Rationale,” returns to Level 1 formatting.

This is a sample of Levels 1 and 3 headings. The Level 1 heading
should be centered with standard capitalization. The Level 3 heading is a
sub-heading to the Level 1 heading, so it should be italicized and
flush-left with standard capitalization.

Image Caption: Sample Levels 1 and 3 Headings

For three levels of headings, use Levels 1, 3, and 4. Level 1 serves as the main heading. Level 3 goes under Level 1, and Level 4 goes under Level 3. In the example below, we “General guidelines.” and “Special cases.” as Level 4 headings under our existing Level 3 heading “Using APA for your paper. Neither “Proper Headings” (Level 3) or “Rationale” (Level 1) require additional headings at this time.

This is an example of APA headings with Levels 1, 3 and 4. Level 1
serves as the main heading, while Level 3 goes under Level 1. Level 4
should be placed under the Level 3 heading.

Image Caption: Sample APA Heading Levels 1, 3 and 4

For four levels of headings, use Levels 1, 2, 3, and 4. Level 1 acts as the main heading. Level 2 works under Level 1. Level 4 works under Level 3. In the example below we break up Level 1’s “Principal Findings” into two Level 2 sections “Using APA in the University” and “Using APA in the Field.” Levels 3 and 4 follow Level 2.

This is a sample of Levels 1, 2, 3 and 4 heading usage. Level 1 is
the main heading. Level 2 follows Level 1 with centered, italicized text
in standard capitalization. Level 3 is under Level 4 in this hierarchy.

Image Caption: Sample APA Levels 1, 2, 3 and 4 Headings

For five levels of headings, use Levels 5, 1, 2, 3, and 4. Level 5 serves as the main heading. Levels 1, 2, 3, and 4 then work in order. Level 5 adds an upper level. Often this level is the title as in the example below. This method is employed more in publishing than in standard university papers.

This is an example of using the five APA heading levels. Level 5
serves as the main heading, while Levels 1 through 4 work in that order.

Image Caption: Sample of Five APA Levels of Heading

Copyright ©1995-2009 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use. Please report any technical problems you encounter.